Sperm DNA Fragmentation Test

Abstinence: Avoid ejaculation for 2–5 days before your test. Longer abstinence periods can increase DNA fragmentation, so don't exceed 5 days.

Lifestyle: For the most accurate baseline result, avoid alcohol, smoking, recreational drugs, hot baths, saunas, and steam rooms for at least 3–7 days before your test. These factors can temporarily increase DNA fragmentation.

Fever or illness: If you've had a fever or significant illness in the past 3 months, this can temporarily affect DNA integrity. Consider waiting until you've been well for at least 3 months for the most accurate result.

On the day: When you arrive, you'll be shown to a private room. Wash your hands and genitals with soap and water before producing your sample. Do not use lubricants, saliva, or condoms.

Collect everything: It's important to collect the entire ejaculate. If any of the sample is lost, please inform the laboratory staff.

Sample processing: Your sample will be snap-frozen within 1 hour of production and sent to a specialist laboratory for SCSA analysis. This is why the test must be done on-site.

What is DNA fragmentation?
DNA fragmentation refers to breaks or damage in the genetic material (DNA) inside sperm cells. While the sperm may look normal and swim well, if the DNA is damaged, it may fail to fertilise an egg properly or lead to problems with embryo development and pregnancy.

Why doesn't standard semen analysis detect this?
Standard semen analysis only examines sperm count, motility (movement), and morphology (shape)—the external characteristics. It doesn't look at the DNA inside the sperm. A man can have normal semen analysis results but still have high DNA fragmentation.

What is SCSA?
SCSA (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) is a laboratory technique that uses a special dye and flow cytometry to measure DNA integrity across thousands of sperm cells. It produces a DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) showing the percentage of sperm with damaged DNA.

Can DNA fragmentation be reduced?
Yes, in many cases. Lifestyle changes (quitting smoking, reducing alcohol, losing weight, avoiding heat exposure), antioxidant supplements (vitamins C, E, zinc, selenium), and treating underlying conditions (such as varicocele or infections) can reduce DNA fragmentation. Improvement typically takes 2–3 months as new sperm are produced.

Should I repeat the test?
If your initial result is high and you've made lifestyle changes or received treatment, repeating the test after 3 months can show whether your DFI has improved. Your fertility specialist can advise on timing.

Does high DFI mean I can't have children?
No. High DNA fragmentation reduces the chances of natural conception and may affect IVF outcomes, but many men with elevated DFI do achieve successful pregnancies, especially with assisted reproduction techniques like ICSI. Your fertility specialist can advise on the best approach.

What's the difference between SCSA and Comet assay?
Both measure DNA fragmentation but use different methods. SCSA analyses many thousands of cells rapidly and is well-validated for predicting fertility outcomes. Comet assay examines individual cells in more detail and can work with lower sperm counts. Your situation will determine which test is most appropriate.